Ruy Lopez
Pressure on the knight that guards e5. The most played opening at top level. You play White. Named after the Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura, who wrote about it in 1561, which is why it is also called the Spanish. White puts pressure on the knight that defends e5 and keeps a small, lasting edge. It has been a main battleground of world championship matches for over a century; the Berlin Defence became famous after Kramnik used it against Kasparov in 2000.